Emigration is the act of
leaving one's native country or region to settle
in another. It is the same as immigration
but from the perspective of the country of origin. Human movement before the
establishment of political boundaries or within one state, is termed migration. There are many reasons why
people might choose to emigrate. Some are for reasons of religious, political or economic freedom or escape. Others have personal reasons such as marriage. Some
people living in rich nations with cold climates choose to move to warmer
climates when they retire.
Many political or economic emigrants move together with their
families toward new regions or new countries where they hope to find peace or job opportunities not available to them in their original location.
Throughout history a large number of emigrants return to their homelands, often after they have earned
sufficient money in the other country. Sometimes these emigrants move to
countries with big cultural differences and will always feel as guests in their destinations, and preserve their original culture, traditions
and language, sometimes transmitting
them to their children. The conflict
between the native and the newer culture may easily create social contrasts, generally resulting
in an uncomfortable situation for the "foreigners", who have to understand legal and social systems
sometimes new and strange to them. Often, communities
of emigrants grow up in the destination areas.
Push
factors
Lack of employment or entrepreneurial
opportunities
Lack of political or religious rights
Restrictions on practice of
religion
Shortage of farmland; hard to start new farms
Oppressive legal/political
conditions
Military draft, warfare
Famine or drought
Cultural
fights with other cultural groups
Expulsion by armed force or
coercion
Pull
factors
Better opportunities for
acquiring farms for self and children
Cheap purchase of farmland
Instant wealth
More job opportunities
Higher pay
Prepaid travel (from
relatives)
Better welfare programmes
Better schools
Join
friends and relatives who have already moved
Build a new nation
Build religious community
Political
freedom
Most
common immigration problems:
·
getting permission
to stay in the country longer than you originally intended
·
getting permission
to do something which you are not at present allowed doing, for example,
being allowed to work
·
bringing
relatives into the country, for example, a spouse, fiancé (e), children
·
being threatened with deportation from the country
·
being held by
the immigration authorities in a detention
centre
·
wanting a passport
and not knowing whether you are entitled to a country passport or some other
passport
·
wanting to apply
to become a country Citizen
·
whether you are entitled to use state services or claim
benefits, for example, education,
health services, council housing, social security benefits, housing
benefits, council tax benefit
·
the right to
vote
·
a relative or friend being refused entry to the
country when arriving at an airport or port.
A legal advice from an immigration lawyer is often the best
solution to address these common immigration problems.
Racial
segregation is the separation of
different kinds of humans into racial groups in daily life. It may apply to
activities such as eating in a
restaurant, drinking from a water fountain,
using a toilette, attending school, going to the cinema, or in
the rental or purchase of a home.
Segregation is generally outlawed,
but may exist through social norms. Segregation can involve spatial separation of the races, and/or
compulsory use of different institutions, such as schools and hospitals by
people of different races.
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